{"id":1064,"date":"2011-03-12T09:44:29","date_gmt":"2011-03-12T09:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ignacianskaspiritualita.sk\/?p=1064"},"modified":"2011-03-12T09:44:29","modified_gmt":"2011-03-12T09:44:29","slug":"treti-tyzden-dc-sv-ignaca-utrpenie-dc190-209","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ignacianskaspiritualita.sk\/index.php\/2011\/03\/treti-tyzden-dc-sv-ignaca-utrpenie-dc190-209\/","title":{"rendered":"Tret\u00ed t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 DC sv. Ign\u00e1ca: Utrpenie (DC190-209)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tret\u00ed t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 DC sv. Ign\u00e1ca: Utrpenie a identifik\u00e1cia s Kristom
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201ePiaty bod. Uva\u017eova\u0165 ako sa bo\u017estvo ukr\u00fdva, to znamen\u00e1, ako by mohol zni\u010di\u0165 svojich nepriate\u013eov, a\u00a0nerob\u00ed to, a\u00a0ako nech\u00e1 ve\u013emi ukrutne vytrpie\u0165 najsv\u00e4tej\u0161ie \u013eudstvo.\u201c (DC 196)<\/p>\n

Tret\u00ed t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 z\u00a0kni\u017eo\u010dky Duchovn\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/em> sa sklad\u00e1 z\u00a0dvoch blokov dokonale rozdielnych medzi sebou navz\u00e1jom:<\/p>\n

a) z dvoch kontempl\u00e1ci\u00ed:\u00a0 1) ako P\u00e1n Je\u017ei\u0161 i\u0161iel z\u00a0Bet\u00e1nie do Jeruzalema na Posledn\u00fa ve\u010deru, vr\u00e1tane (DC 190-198); 2) od Poslednej ve\u010dere po z\u00e1hradu (DC 200-203). Exercit\u00e1tor by mal tento text jednoducho vysvetli\u0165.<\/p>\n

b) z\u00a0mal\u00e9ho direkt\u00f3ria \u2013 t.j. z\u00a0n\u00e1vodu, v\u00a0ktorom sa sv. Ign\u00e1c prednostne obracia na toho, kto d\u00e1va duchovn\u00e9 cvi\u010denia a\u00a0ako bude musie\u0165 prist\u00fapi\u0165 ku kontempl\u00e1cii Krista v\u00a0jeho utrpen\u00ed. Toto tzv. mal\u00e9 direkt\u00f3rium pozost\u00e1va z\u00a0t\u00fdchto \u010dast\u00ed:<\/p>\n

DC 199 \u2013 pozn\u00e1mka o\u00a0rozhovoroch, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch Ign\u00e1c odkazuje na body DC 147 a\u00a0DC 156-157.<\/p>\n

DC 204 \u2013 pozn\u00e1mka o\u00a0rozdelen\u00ed d\u0148a duchovn\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed Tretieho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a.<\/p>\n

DC 205 \u2013 pozn\u00e1mka o\u00a0riadnom prisp\u00f4soben\u00ed sa duchovn\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

DC 206 \u2013 pozn\u00e1mka o\u00a0druhom a\u00a0\u0161iestom dodatku, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa musie\u0165 str\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 prostredie du\u0161evn\u00e9 a\u00a0duchovn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

DC 207 \u2013 pozn\u00e1mka o\u00a0osobitnom spytovan\u00ed svedomia po\u010das duchovn\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

DC 208 \u2013 pozn\u00e1mka o\u00a0rozdelen\u00ed kontempl\u00e1ci\u00ed po\u010das siedmych dn\u00ed Tretieho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a, pripravuj\u00fac inform\u00e1cie o\u00a0z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fdch tajomstv\u00e1ch (DC 289-298).<\/p>\n

DC 209 \u2013 pozn\u00e1mka o\u00a0prisp\u00f4soben\u00ed kontempl\u00e1ci\u00ed, pod\u013ea zmien jednotliv\u00fdch dn\u00ed, viac alebo menej ne\u017e sedem.<\/p>\n

Toto tzv. mal\u00e9 direkt\u00f3rium je ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00a0Tre\u0165om t\u00fd\u017edni a\u00a0pom\u00e1ha skvalitni\u0165 dynamiku tohto \u010dasu. Sv. Ign\u00e1c tak pon\u00faka v\u00a0exerc\u00edci\u00e1ch flexibilitu a\u00a0ukazuje schopnos\u0165 prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa okolnostiam, sk\u00fasenostiam a\u00a0mo\u017enostiam, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165. (por. DC 205)<\/p>\n

Sv. Ign\u00e1c \u010falej pon\u00faka na kontempl\u00e1ciu dva celky alebo dva bloky. Ako prv\u00fa, kontempl\u00e1ciu o\u00a0Poslednej ve\u010dery (DC 191) a\u00a0ag\u00f3niu (smrte\u013en\u00fd z\u00e1pas) P\u00e1na Je\u017ei\u0161a spojen\u00fa so zajat\u00edm. Viac t\u00fato skuto\u010dnos\u0165 rozv\u00edja v\u00a0bodoch DC 289-298. Druh\u00fdm blokom s\u00fa predhovory a\u00a0pozn\u00e1mky, ktor\u00e9 opisuj\u00fa predlohy ako tieto kontempl\u00e1cie uskuto\u010dni\u0165: uva\u017eova\u0165, prosi\u0165, vidie\u0165, po\u010du\u0165, pozera\u0165.\u00a0 Jednoducho ide o\u00a0to, ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sa \u010do najlep\u0161ie pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 k\u00a0tomuto tajomstvu a\u00a0zak\u00fasi\u0165 duchovn\u00e9 ovocie z\u00a0Utrpenia P\u00e1na Je\u017ei\u0161a.<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmavou \u010das\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja Druh\u00fd a\u00a0Tret\u00ed t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 je tzv. zlat\u00e9 pravidlo duchovn\u00e9ho \u017eivota: \u201eNech sa ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden zamysl\u00ed, \u017ee nato\u013eko sa bude zlep\u0161ova\u0165 vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch\u00a0duchovn\u00fdch veciach, nako\u013eko sa oslobod\u00ed od sebal\u00e1sky, od vlastn\u00e9ho chcenia a\u00a0z\u00e1ujmov.\u201c (DC 189) Pravdepodobne toto zlat\u00e9 pravidlo Ign\u00e1c\u00a0 prebral od Tom\u00e1\u0161a Kempensk\u00e9ho z\u00a0Nasledovania Krista z\u00a0prvej knihy, 25 kapitoly.<\/p>\n

Je teda ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby exercitant vy\u0161iel zo seba sam\u00e9ho a \u017eil slobodu a\u00a0l\u00e1sku. \u010clovek mus\u00ed od\u00eds\u0165 z\u00a0hriechu, zo sebal\u00e1sky, zo svojho egoizmu a\u00a0prip\u00fata\u0165 sa k\u00a0Je\u017ei\u0161ovi, a\u00a0to aj cez utrpenie, ktor\u00e9 Je\u017ei\u0161 zak\u00fasil. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to skuto\u010dnos\u0165 priv\u00e1dza exercitanta k\u00a0tomu, aby sa zjednotil s\u00a0Kristom. Tret\u00ed t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 DC m\u00e1 teda viacero charakterist\u00edk. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou je poznanie pravej l\u00e1sky a\u00a0pravej slobody: \u201eLebo kto by si chcel \u017eivot zachr\u00e1ni\u0165, strat\u00ed ho, ale kto strat\u00ed svoj \u017eivot pre m\u0148a a\u00a0pre evanjelium, zachr\u00e1ni si ho.\u201c (Mk 8, 35); \u201eKto n\u00e1jde svoj \u017eivot, strat\u00ed ho, a\u00a0kto strat\u00ed svoj \u017eivot pre m\u0148a, n\u00e1jde ho.\u201c (Mt 10, 39); \u201eLebo kto by si chcel \u017eivot zachr\u00e1ni\u0165, strat\u00ed ho, ale kto strat\u00ed svoj \u017eivot pre m\u0148a, n\u00e1jde ho.\u201c (Mt 16, 25) a\u00a0in\u00e9 texty: Lk 9, 24; Lk 17, 33; Jn 12, 25.<\/p>\n

Druhou charakteristikou je zjednotenie s\u00a0Kristom. V\u00a0Tre\u0165om t\u00fd\u017edni sa exercitant nach\u00e1dza naplno na tzv. ceste zjednotenia. Je nieko\u013eko zjednocuj\u00facich prvkov, ktor\u00e9 sv. Ign\u00e1c uv\u00e1dza: boles\u0165 s\u00a0Kristom bolestn\u00fdm, vy\u010derpanos\u0165 s\u00a0Kristom vy\u010derpan\u00fdm, vn\u00fatorn\u00fd \u017eia\u013e z\u00a0to\u013ek\u00fdch b\u00f4\u013eov, ktor\u00e9 Kristus pretrpel pre m\u0148a. (DC 203) Kontempluje sa teda tajomstvo utrpenia, ale nie z\u00a0vonka, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zvn\u00fatra, v\u00a0spojen\u00ed s\u00a0tr\u00e1pen\u00edm, z\u00e1rmutkom a s\u00fa\u017een\u00edm Krista.<\/p>\n

Cie\u013e, ktor\u00fd sleduje Tret\u00ed t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 sa opakuje v\u00a0prosbe DC 203: prosi\u0165 o\u00a0boles\u0165 s\u00a0Kristom, o\u00a0slzy, at\u010f. Podobne tento cie\u013e opisuje sv. Ign\u00e1c aj v\u00a0bodoch DC 48, 53, 554<\/sup>, 193 a 197. To nov\u00e9, \u010do je v\u00a0tejto prosbe (DC 203), nie je hriech, ale \u013eudstvo Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista. Ign\u00e1c taktie\u017e prech\u00e1dza od prosby o\u00a0ostych, \u010di hanbu a\u00a0zahanbenie nad sebou sam\u00fdm (DC 48) k\u00a0prosbe o\u00a0boles\u0165, z\u00e1rmutok a\u00a0zahanbenie zato, \u017ee Kristus ide trpie\u0165 pre moje hriechy. (DC 193)<\/p>\n

\u010ealej fr\u00e1za \u2013\u00a0 \u201eto, \u010do mus\u00edm urobi\u0165 pre Krista\u201c (DC 53) sa za\u010d\u00edna konkretizova\u0165 v\u00a0Tre\u0165om t\u00fd\u017edni na \u201erobi\u0165 a\u00a0trpie\u0165 za neho\u201c (DC 197). To, \u010do mus\u00edm urobi\u0165 za neho, Ign\u00e1c u\u017e formuloval v\u00a0tre\u0165om sp\u00f4sobe pokory (DC 167 \u2013 \u201echcem a\u00a0vol\u00edm si, aby som nasledoval Krista, n\u00e1\u0161ho P\u00e1na a\u00a0bol mu viac podobn\u00fd, rad\u0161ej chudobu s\u00a0Kristom chudobn\u00fdm ne\u017e bohatstvo, rad\u0161ej potupu s\u00a0Kristom potupovan\u00fdm, ne\u017e \u00factu a\u00a0rad\u0161ej t\u00fa\u017eim po tom, aby ma pokladali sk\u00f4r za bl\u00e1zna a\u00a0za hl\u00fapeho pre Krista, ktor\u00e9ho prv pokladali za bl\u00e1zna, ne\u017e za m\u00fadreho a\u00a0rozumn\u00e9ho na tomto svete.\u201c) Ist\u00e9 prepojenie m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 aj v\u00a0in\u00fdch bodoch, ktor\u00e9 uv\u00e1dza sv. Ign\u00e1c \u2013 DC 98, 116, 146. V\u0161etky tieto spomenut\u00e9 skuto\u010dnosti sa v\u00a0tomto Tre\u0165om t\u00fd\u017edni kontempluj\u00fa tak, aby nastala tot\u00e1lna identifik\u00e1cia s\u00a0Kristom, kontakt s\u00a0\u013eudskos\u0165ou Krista, vo vn\u00fatornom pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed a\u00a0v slz\u00e1ch. Je to sk\u00fasenos\u0165 vyprovokovan\u00e1 l\u00e1skou a\u00a0m\u00e1s s\u00favis z\u00a0tajomstvom sp\u00e1sy. \u013d\u00fatos\u0165, boles\u0165, v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade s\u00fa bezplatn\u00fdm darom Boha a\u00a0ovoc\u00edm spojenia s\u00a0citmi Je\u017ei\u0161a. Toto pribli\u017euj\u00fa aj dva dodatky (DC 206) z\u00a0tzv. mal\u00e9ho direkt\u00f3ria: \u201e…vzbudi\u0165 v\u00a0sebe z\u00e1rmutok a\u00a0boles\u0165 nad to\u013ek\u00fdm b\u00f4\u013eom a\u00a0utrpen\u00edm Krista, n\u00e1\u0161ho P\u00e1na…\u010dasto si priv\u00e1dzaj\u00fac na pam\u00e4\u0165 utrpenie, n\u00e1mahy a\u00a0boles\u0165 Krista…\u201c Exercitant sa tak disponuje fyzicky, aj psychicky, aby sa identifikoval s\u00a0Kristom vo v\u0161etkom, ako o\u00a0tom hovor\u00ed bod 195.<\/p>\n

Nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov z\u00a0Direkt\u00f3ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\u201eAko nazna\u010duje tretia predohra, milosti, ktor\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 h\u013ead\u00e1me v\u00a0cvi\u010deniach o\u00a0P\u00e1novom umu\u010den\u00ed, s\u00fa \u013e\u00fatos\u0165, hnev sami nad sebou a\u00a0zm\u00e4tok pri P\u00e1novom utrpen\u00ed za n\u00e1s. Tieto city maj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa hodnotu nielen pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov, ale pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch, dokonca aj pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa sk\u00fasenosti s\u00a0kontempl\u00e1ciou, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ke\u010f chceme ucti\u0165 Kristovo pon\u00ed\u017eenie, bolesti a\u00a0\u017eia\u013e, ke\u010f si na nich spom\u00edname s\u00a0v\u010fa\u010dnos\u0165ou a\u00a0prij\u00edmame podobn\u00e9 bolesti \u2013 aspo\u0148 zo s\u00facitu s\u00a0n\u00edm. Ale nemali by sme vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 ani in\u00e9 sv\u00e4t\u00e9 city, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 tie, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na myse\u013e, ke\u010f sa obr\u00e1time pri medit\u00e1cii do seba. Tak\u00fdmi citmi s\u00fa l\u00e1ska, n\u00e1dej, t\u00fa\u017eby napodob\u0148ova\u0165 ho v\u00a0trpezlivosti, pokore, poslu\u0161nosti, l\u00e1ske, at\u010f.\u201c (Direkt\u00f3rium 20:95)<\/p>\n

\u201eO\u00a0ktor\u00e9 city sa m\u00e1me usilova\u0165. \u2013 Afekt, s\u00facit je s\u00edce ve\u013emi dobr\u00fd a\u00a0m\u00e1me za\u0148ho vr\u00facne prosi\u0165, pokorne po \u0148om t\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 a\u00a0v\u010fa\u010dne ho prija\u0165; m\u00e1me sa v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 sna\u017ei\u0165 o\u00a0in\u00e9 afekty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre n\u00e1\u0161 duchovn\u00fd pokrok u\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Po prv\u00e9, nen\u00e1vis\u0165 k\u00a0hriechu – ak\u00e9 hrozn\u00e9 je urazi\u0165 Boha, ke\u010f Bo\u017eia m\u00fadros\u0165 uznala za vhodn\u00e9 obetova\u0165 dokonca krv a\u00a0\u017eivot Bo\u017eieho Syna. Z\u00a0toho vybudi\u0165 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu nen\u00e1vis\u0165 k hriechu, ke\u010f ho Bo\u017eia spravodlivos\u0165 tak pr\u00edsne trest\u00e1. Ke\u010f sa toto deje so stromom zelen\u00fdm, \u010do potom bude so such\u00fdm?<\/p>\n

Po druh\u00e9, uvedomenie si Bo\u017eej dobroty – mus\u00edm pozna\u0165 a\u00a0v\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 si nekone\u010dn\u00fa Bo\u017eiu dobrotu a\u00a0m\u00fadros\u0165, ktor\u00e1 na\u0161la tak\u00fd prostriedok, aby k\u00a0sebe pritiahla \u013eudsk\u00e9 srdcia rozpl\u00fdvaj\u00face sa Bo\u017eou l\u00e1skou pod\u013ea Apo\u0161tolov\u00fdch slov: \u201eBoh dokazuje svoju l\u00e1sku k\u00a0n\u00e1m t\u00fdm, \u017ee Kristus zomrel za n\u00e1s, ke\u010f sme boli e\u0161te hrie\u0161nikmi\u201c (Rim 5, 8).<\/p>\n

Po tretie, posilnenie n\u00e1deje – t\u00fdm sa tie\u017e upev\u0148uje na\u0161a n\u00e1dej, lebo pod\u013ea sv. August\u00edna kto dal to, \u010do je viac, toti\u017e krv svojho Jednoroden\u00e9ho, d\u00e1 tie\u017e ve\u010dn\u00fa sl\u00e1vu, ktor\u00e1 je iste menej. A\u00a0preto mus\u00edme t\u00fato Kristovu krv pova\u017eova\u0165 za d\u00f4kaz a\u00a0z\u00e1ruku Bo\u017eej l\u00e1sky i\u00a0bud\u00facej bla\u017eenosti.<\/p>\n

Po \u0161tvrt\u00e9, l\u00e1ska k\u00a0Bohu – najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zo v\u0161etk\u00e9ho je, \u017ee sa rozhor\u00ed l\u00e1ska k\u00a0Bohu, ke\u010f uva\u017eujeme o\u00a0takej dobrote a\u00a0takom dobroden\u00ed n\u00e1m preuk\u00e1zanom, a\u00a0to tak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n

Po piate, nad\u0161enie nasledova\u0165 Krista – tak sa tie\u017e v\u0161etci nadchn\u00fa pre dokonal\u00e9 nasledovanie pod\u013ea slov sv. Petra: \u201eKristus trpel za n\u00e1s a\u00a0zanechal v\u00e1m pr\u00edklad, aby ste \u0161li v\u00a0jeho \u0161\u013eapajach\u201c (1 Pt 2, 21). Ke\u010f on nev\u00e1hal vytrpie\u0165 tak\u00e9 poni\u017euj\u00face veci, aby n\u00e1m dal pou\u010denie o\u00a0na\u0161ej sp\u00e1se, bolo by hanebn\u00e9 a\u00a0neznesite\u013en\u00e9, keby sme sa my, o\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sp\u00e1su ide, zdr\u00e1hali ho nasledova\u0165.<\/p>\n

Po \u0161ieste, horlivos\u0165 za du\u0161e – kone\u010dne sa m\u00f4\u017eeme, a\u00a0tie\u017e mus\u00edme zap\u00e1li\u0165 ve\u013ekou horlivos\u0165ou pre sp\u00e1su du\u0161\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 Boh tak ve\u013emi cen\u00ed, tak ich miluje a\u00a0tak draho ich vyk\u00fapil.\u201c (Direkt\u00f3rium 43:243-249)<\/p>\n

(spracovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea Santiago Arzubialde, Ejercicios espirituales de san Ignacio. Historia y an\u00e1lisis, <\/em>s. 497-501; Ignacio Iparraguirre, Ejercicios epsirituales, <\/em>s. 317-320; Direkt\u00f3ri\u00e1<\/em>)<\/p>\n

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